Vayikra

The LORD calls to Moses from the tent of meeting, and the laws of the offerings begin. First the burnt offering, the olah, wholly consumed on the altar: an unblemished male from the herd or flock, brought willingly, with the offerer's hand laid on its head — or, for the poor, a dove or pigeon — "an offering by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD."

Then the grain offering, minchah: fine flour with oil and frankincense, or baked unleavened cakes and wafers, a handful burned as a memorial portion and the rest for the priests. No leaven or honey may be burned on the altar, and every offering is seasoned with salt — "the salt of the covenant." The peace offering, shelamim, follows, from herd or flock, male or female, its fat and kidneys burned on the altar; all fat and all blood are forbidden for eating, a perpetual statute.

The sin offering, chatat, covers unintentional wrongdoing, graded by the offender: a bull for the anointed priest or the whole congregation, its blood sprinkled before the veil; a male goat for a leader; a female goat or lamb for an ordinary person — with a scale down to birds or even fine flour for those who cannot afford more. Specific cases open the chapter: the withheld testimony, the forgotten uncleanness, the rash oath. Finally the guilt offering, asham: for misuse of sacred things, for doubtful guilt, and for wronging a neighbor — deception over a deposit, robbery, extortion, the denied lost object and the false oath — where the offering follows restitution of the principal plus a fifth to the one wronged.